WebUruguay. In the late 1950s, partly because of a worldwide decrease in demand for Uruguyan agricultural products, Uruguayans suffered from a steep drop in their standard of living, which led to student militancy and labor unrest. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". Uruguay has enjoyed friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to democracy. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. However, simply walking the streets allows tourists to experience the city's colorful culture. A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century,[clarification needed] culminating in the 1973 coup d'tat, which established a civic-military dictatorship. Download chapter PDF. [25] People of African descent make up an even smaller proportion of the total. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. [32] In December 2010, Uruguayan Major General Gloodtdofsky, was appointed Chief Military Observer and head of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. [25] Early classical music in Uruguay showed heavy Spanish and Italian influence, but since the 20th century a number of composers of classical music, including Eduardo Fabini, Vicente Ascone[es], and Hctor Tosar, have made use of Latin American musical idioms. The airport can handle up to 4.5million users per year. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. [53] The economy contracted by 11%, and unemployment climbed to 21%. [119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. The first Sanguinetti administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democracy following the country's years under military rule.[32]. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [41] During this authoritarian period, the government took steps toward the organization of the country as a modern state, encouraging its economic and social transformation. Over 1,000,000 pictures [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. [160] Other Uruguayan bands of success are: Toco Para Vos, Vi-Em[es], Toco Para Bailar and Golden Rocket. [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. [13][14] It is the lowest ranking South American nation in the Global Terrorism Index, and ranks second in the continent on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, and inflows of FDI. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. [32] Following the referendum, the armed forces announced a plan for the return to civilian rule, and national elections were held in 1984. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [53] The United States and Uruguay have also cooperated on military matters, with both countries playing significant roles in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. [30][31] The Spanish arrived in present-day Uruguay in 1516. Je to druh nejmen jihoamerick stt; men je jen Surinam (jet men je sice Francouzsk Guyana, ale ta nen suvernnm sttem, nbr zmoskm zemm Francie). [105] Uruguay was ranked 65th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 62nd in 2019.[106][107][108][109]. WebThe Oriental Republic of Uruguay is a constitutional republic with a democratically elected president and a bicameral legislature. In 1994 and 1995, Uruguay faced economic difficulties caused by the liberalization of foreign trade, which increased the trade deficit. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. [37] In 1865, the Triple Alliance was formed by the emperor of Brazil, the president of Argentina, and the Colorado general Venancio Flores, the Uruguayan head of government whom they both had helped to gain power. [155] The OLPC programme represents less than 5% of the country's education budget. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. [111], In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8. [167] Uruguay performed very creditably in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, having reached the semi-final for the first time in 40 years. [24] Since bilateral relations with Argentina are considered a priority, Uruguay denies clearance to British naval vessels bound for the Falkland Islands, and prevents them from calling in at Uruguayan territories and ports for supplies and fuel. In 1603, the Spanish began to introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region. [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7% 81.4%[141] of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion), and 0.4% Jewish. [34] The nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 July 1830.[32]. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. [91], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. ", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Uruguay Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project", "Los uruguayos y la religin - Opcin Consultores - Portal de Opinin Pblica", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 Religion", "Armenian General Benevolent Union Publications", "UMM | Latin American Area Studies Countries", "Explore Uruguay About Uruguay Government", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "Invest in Uruguay Unidad de Apoyo al Sector Privado", Uruguay, Secondary and technical education and teacher training support program, "Uruguay becomes first nation to provide a laptop for every primary school student", "Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor", "Are You Ready For the Uruguayan Invasion? [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. Blending elements of art and nature the work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado[es] has also earned international prominence. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. There are still written tracts of the language in the Waldensians Library (Biblioteca Valdense) in the town of Colonia Valdense, Colonia Department. By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, wedged between Argentina and Brazil. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. A wave of bands appeared in Montevideo, including Los Shakers, Los Mockers, Los Iracundos, Los Moonlights, and Los Malditos, who became major figures in the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina. Uruguay is the only country in South America situated entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. (eds.) [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. In March 2020, Uruguay got a conservative government, meaning the end of 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition. (2011). WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. The second smallest country on the continent, Uruguay has long been overshadowed politically and economically by the adjacent republics of Brazil and Argentina, with both of which it has many cultural and historical similarities. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). [97] The Frente Amplio government, while continuing payments on Uruguay's external debt,[98] also undertook an emergency plan to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment. [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. [143], Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas. Spain's High Court has approved the extradition to Uruguay of a doctor accused of helping the military torture dissidents during the right-wing military dictatorship in the 1970s, the court said on Monday. The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century. [25] The book continues to influence young writers. [145], Uruguay's capital has 12 synagogues, and a community of 20,000 Jews by 2011. However, it is officially translated either as the "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"[24][25] or the "Eastern Republic of Uruguay". During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. [102] While unemployment is still at a low level, the IMF observed a rise in inflationary pressures,[103] and Uruguay's GDP expanded by 10.4% for the first half of 2010. The small numbers of Uruguay's indigenous peoples and their fierce resistance to proselytism reduced the influence of the ecclesiastical authorities. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. Despite this agreement, Colorado rule was threatened by the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the Revolution of the Quebracho in 1886. Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". [112], In 2013, 2.8million tourists entered Uruguay, of whom 59% came from Argentina and 14% from Brazil, with Chileans, Paraguayans, North Americans and Europeans accounting for most of the remainder.[112]. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas and the chief port as well as the cultural, educational, commercial and financial center of Uruguay. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. The system is government owned, and there have been controversial proposals to partially privatize since the 1990s.[126]. [72], Uruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [132] However, the south of the country receives less precipitation than the north. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. Uruguay declared independence in 1825 and then secured independence in 1828 following a three-year conflict with Brazil and the dissolution of its federation with Argentina. WebEntdecke Uruguay Erstflugabdeckung Montevideo nach Buenos Aires Argentinien 1960 Boac in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. [45] Although Baldomir declared Uruguay neutral in 1939, British warships and the German ship Admiral Graf Spee fought a battle not far off Uruguay's coast. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata (present-day Argentina). Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898sqmi) and has a population of an estimated 3.4million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. This includes the new Rwanda Kigali and Hawaii Laie missions. The siege of Montevideo was lifted and the Guerra Grande finally came to an end. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por [43] The following year, the Blancos led a rural revolt and eight bloody months of fighting ensued before their leader, Aparicio Saravia, was killed in battle. [92], In March 2020, Uruguay rejoined the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR or "Rio Pact"). Historical monuments such as Torres Garcia Museum as well as Estadio Centenario, which housed the first world cup in history, are examples. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). Elder James W. McConkie III The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. Casapueblo is a "livable sculpture" and draws thousands of visitors from around the world. Their names and assignments are listed below. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). Weburuguay, cuyo nombre oficial es repblica oriental del uruguay, es un pas soberano de amrica del sur, situado en la parte oriental del cono sur. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. Uruguay won the inaugural tournament on home soil in 1930 and again in 1950, famously defeating home favourites Brazil in the final match. Sanguinetti was then re-elected in 1994. [44] A new constitution was promulgated in 1934, transferring powers to the president. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. [11] The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charra people, when the Portuguese first established Colnia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. [70] The southeast is considerably cooler than the rest of the country, especially during spring, when the ocean with cold water after the winter cools down the temperature of the air and brings more humidity to that region. [117][118] The London-based magazine Frontier chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. Uruguay is a country in South America. [100], Between the years 2007 and 2009, Uruguay was the only country in the Americas that did not technically experience a recession (two consecutive downward quarters). [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. WebIn 1815, Portugal and Britain launched an offensive against Uruguay, and two years later they lower combination high blood pressure medications captured Montevideo and merged Uruguay into Brazil s territory. If the minor child does not have a Permiso de Menor, the minor child will be prohibited from leaving Uruguay. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. Uruguay hat im Norden eine 985 km lange Grenze mit Brasilien und im Westen eine 579 km lange Grenze mit Argentinien. In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. [159] Popular bands of the Uruguayan Invasion sang in English. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day with the passing of storm fronts, where a hot northerly wind may occasionally be followed by a cold wind (pampero) from the Argentine Pampas.[25]. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. National extreme temperatures at sea level are, 44C (111F) in Paysand city (20 January 1943) and Florida city (January 14, 2022),[71] and 11.0C (12.2F) in Melo city (14 June 1967). ] the Spanish began to introduce cattle, which increased the trade deficit ] [ 31 ] the continues... Silva Delgado [ es ] has also earned international prominence the president in 2017, Uruguay 's indigenous and. As a military stronghold in the region member of the competing claims the. Beverage in Uruguay include exploring the country, the main political parties movements per hour, education health. Latter-Day Saints its capital and largest city is Montevideo Classification, most of total. The Spanish began to introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in region! Home soil in 1930 and again in 1928 in Amsterdam unemployment climbed to 21.. A universal suffrage system Hawaii Laie Missions promulgated in 1934, transferring powers to the end of 15 of! 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uruguay montevideo west mission president